Penupatruni Adinarayana Rao (1915–1991), also known as P. Adinarayana Rao was a reputed Telugu music director, film producer, lyricist and play writer from south Indian film industry.He co-founded "Aswini Pictures" along with Akkineni Nageswara Rao and produced couple of movies in Telugu and tamil language. Later, he produced several blockbuster telugu movies under his own production house Anjali Pictures on his famous actress cum wife's name Anjali Devi. He also did produce and compose music for several Tamil and Hindi movies too.

According to well known music critic V.A.K. Rangarao, "Adinarayana Rao is credited for introducing Hindustani music in contemporary flavour and simplified orchestration, and thereby impressing both laymen audience as well cognoscenti. It is this music that survives him enthralling all the music lovers".Memorable music compositions from him are "Rajasekhara Neepai Moju Theera Leduraa" in the movie Anarkali released in 1955,[2] "Piluvakuraa Alugakuraa" in the movie Suvarna Sundari released in 1957,"Telugu Veera Levaraa Deeksha Booni Sagara" and "Vastaadu Naraju" in the movie Alluri Seetarama Raju released in 1974 and all songs including "Ghana Ghana Sundara" in Bhakta Tukaram, released in 1973.Well-known music directors like Satyam, Totakura Venkata Raju , Lakshmikant-Pyarelal etc., fine-tuned their skills by working under him as assistant directors.Adinarayana Rao was born in Goud caste in 1915 at Kakinada of East Godavari in Andhra Pradesh to Penupatruni Krishnayya Goud and Penupatruni AnasuyaHe did his matriculation from Kakinada.He started his film career as a child artist at the age of six under Rajarajeswari Naatya Mandali's baton to play the roles of mythological characters like "Narada" and "Savitri". Later, he studied classical music under Patrayani Sitaramsastry in Saluru. By age of 12, he started playing many musical instruments and showing his talent in both music as a composer and on stage as a play writer.He was well known in Kakinada theatre with plays like Black Market, Vasanta Sena and Veedhi Gaayakulu, which he still continued after entering film industry and was affectionately given a nickname "Abbayi Garu". The play Street Singers written by him was well admired, and his wife Anjali Devi received Gold medal and a citation from Sir Arthur Hope, then governor of Madras Presidency in 1943.

He fine-tuned his skills into a well known artist while working under Burmah Shell Amateurs Troupe through famous "Young Mens Happy Club" which produced stalwarts from Telugu film industry like Relangi Venkata Ramaiah, S. V. Ranga Rao, Gandikota Jagannatham and Anjali Devi. It is here, that he met his future wife Anjali Devi.He along with S. V. Ranga Rao made their debut into film industry with film Varudhini in 1946. Adinarayana Rao wrote lyrics and composed music for two songs in that film. Later, wrote lyrics and composed music for couple of films. Huge break arrived with film Gollabhama directed by C. Pullaiah, in which his wife Anjali Devi made her debut. With film Palletoori Pilla in 1950, he established himself into a well-known and full-fledged music director in the Telugu film industry. He married Anjali Devi in 1948, and they had two sonsHis granddaughter Saila Rao is also an actress.

 Adinarayana Rao was versatile in composing music, writing lyrics and story for films, and producing movies in Telugu, Tamil, Marathi, and Hindi under Anjali Pictures. During 80's , he mostly composed music and wrote lyrics under Padmalaya Studios for actor Krishna till he died in 1991.