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In CARC Calling of Jan-March, 1990, Dr. Indira Kapoor the then Director, Government of India, Family Welfare and Research Centre in Bombay, presented a very useful outline ragarding education and counselling for AIDS prevention. Four major target groups were identified and modules were proposed for each group separately. These are not only informative but extremely useful in the present context. Therefore, they are reproduced in Tables A, B, C, D, E and F Hereunder.
TABLE – A
GROUP 1 : PROFESSIONAL GROUPS
|
Type of group (professional groups/key trainers : medical, paramedical and non-medical) |
Objectives (specific objectives will depend on the role in the field of AIDS preventive education as each discipline is a separate one and has specific job responsibility) |
Stress on (content details of groups would differ from one discipline to another) |
Persons/groups responsible-trained key-trainers from |
Methods of training |
|
Doctors (Including G.P.s and family physicians.) - Nurses - Dentists -Lab. Technicians - Para-medical workers - Traditional healers - Traditional dais and midwives - Social workers - Teachers - Committed voluntary workers - Youth leaders - Religious leaders - Others |
The main objectives can be : 1 To have in-depth orientation on cause, spread and prevention of AIDS and related diseases. 2 To develop positive attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients, so as to ensure their proper care. 3 To understand psycho-social aspects of human sexuality 4 To sensitise and educate clinicians to the effectiveness and benefits of counselling 5 To be able to act as a successful key-trainer for providing preventive AIDS education to other groups. 6 Ability to discuss sexual matters in a frank and unembarrassed manneer. 7 To develop non-judgemental attitudes 8 to impart complete and full knowledge about use and advantages of sex education in prevention of veneral diseases/STDs 9 To have basic skills in communication and counselling 10 To understand the fact that prevention is a public health problem and needs multi-pronged attack by all disciplines and at all levels |
General (for all) 1 Skills to handle HIV+ve/AIDS cases with compassion, care and understanding. 2 Understand the psycho-social aspects in counselling AIDS patients. 3 Types of sexual behaviour 4 Range of normality in sexual behaviour 5 Psychological aspects of abnormal sexual behaviour 6 Guidelines on safer sex 7 Issues of confidentiality 8 Blood transfusion only in absolute need 9 Pre-and post-test counselling Medical & Paramedical group: 1 Recognise clinicaql symptoms 2 Take sensible precautions when treating AIDS patients 3 To follow proper sterilisation procedures when giving injections 4 Prevention of accidental spread- self and others. Non-medical : 1 Promotion of counselling skills. 2 Greater awareness of how behaviours are changed. 3 Rehabilation of patients 4 Dealing with the un-infected spouse |
- Medical college faculty - Hospital and clinic administrators - Private practitioners and family physicians - Staff of other training institutes, e.g. Nursing and social science institures. Any committed voluntary agency/workers - Para-medical and non-medical health workers - Medical and social science staff of blood banks - Medical and social science staff of factories and industries - Medical and social science staff in Dept. Of Tourism - Medical and social science staff in hotels |
* Lecture discussion with video films, filmstrips and slides. *Seminars.workshops * Case history discussion * In-service orientation training with skill demonstration for specific objectives * Special manuals on AIDS and HIV |
TABLE – B
Group 2.1 : GENERAL POPULATION
|
Type of groups (adult population) |
Objectives |
Stress on (for effective prevention, parents must be reached before and after they become parents) |
Persons'groups responsible-trained, key-trainers from |
Methods of education |
|
- Young population - Parent groups - Community groups - Religious leaders |
1 To provide full knowledge about STDs including, AIDS, its spread, prevention and type of morbidity 2 Change the attitude of social stigma attached to STD 3 To understand the dangers of promiscuity in sexual life 4 To increase knowledge about safer sex and use of condoms 5 To demand use of sterile needles, syringes when receiving injection and/or blood transfusion 6 To avoid tattooing and scarification, if instruments not properly sterilised 7 To understand and appreciate the need for sex education for younger population 8 To understand the necessity of regular health check-ups with investigations |
1 Advantages of happy married life and its positive effects as role-modelling for adolescents and teenagers in the family 2 Regular and corrrect use of condoms 3 Advantages of a monogamous relationship 4 Dangers of self medication, treatment with spurious drugs 5 Dangers of casual sexual encounters 6 Motivate for sex education to younger group 7 Importance of selected antenatal blood test in pregnant mothers |
- Welfare agencies - Mahila Mandals - Government Agencies - Responsible citizens - Religious organisations - Counselling agencies and centres - Social clubs - Health and welfare organisation - Family physicians and general practitioners |
* Mass media, T.V., radio, newspaper, films, etc * Public lectures * Informative discussion and talks in small groups with relevant audio visuals * Small informative booklets and leaflets * Posters for awareness * Individual guidance with audio-visual aids |
